This question is asking you to outline and evaluate Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory.
Kohlberg's concept of gender constancy comes from Piaget's ideas about cognitive development. Piaget proposed that children lack internal logic and are unable to distinguish between appearance and reality. Kohlberg related many of these ideas to gender development. Kohlberg believed that children actively structure their own experiences, rather than passive learning through observing and imitating. According to his theory, children acquire understanding of gender in three stages.
The first stage is gender labelling (2-3.5 years). At this stage children label themselves and others as girl or boy, but this is based only on outward appearance. An individual's gender can change with their appearance. For example, a person in a dress will be perceived to be female, even if this person was earlier perceived to be male. Piaget describes this as pre-operational (lacking internal logic).
The second stage is gender stability (3.5-4.5 years). Children recognise that gender is consistent over time, but not that it is consistent across situations. For example, a man may be seen to be female when doing a 'feminine activity'. Thus, these children are still swayed by outward appearance.
The third stage is gender consistency. Children understand that gender is constant over time and situations. Kohlberg believed that children would only be able to start learning about gender-appropriate behaviour at this stage, as up to this point they believed that gender could change.
Gender stability was investigated by Slaby and Frey, who asked young children what gender they were when they were younger and what gender they will be when they are older. Children did not recognise that these traits were stable over time until they were three or four years old, as Kohlberg predicted
Gender consistency was also considered by Slaby and Frey. Those children high in gender constancy (a combination of stability and consistency) showed greatest interest in same-sex models. This suggests, as Kohlberg predicted, that an increasing sense of constancy leads children to pay more attention to gender-appropriate behaviour.
McConaghy also found evidence to support the gender stability stage. This was done by showing children dolls dressed in transparent clothes with left their genitals visible. Children aged three to five used the clothes to identify gender, showing that they still use superficial indicators.
One problem with this study is the question of whether the researchers were actually testing what they intended to test. Bem demonstrated that it is genital knowledge rather than gender constancy which explains these findings. After doing a study similar to the previous one, many of the children who failed to display gender constancy also failed a genital knowledge test. This suggests that the previous study lacks internal validity, as the doll's genitals gave the children no useful information.
There may be a gender bias in this theory, as some critics claim that females are being judged using a male standard. This is largely because Kohlberg's original research, which he used as a basis for this model, was done only on males. Gender development happens differently in males than it does in females. For example, girls are generally more willing to do masculine activities than boys are to do feminine activities.
Further evidence against Kohlberg's theory has come from Bauer, who found boys to be more willing to imitate gender-matched roles from as early as two years old. This suggests that they are aware of gender roles far earlier than Kohlberg believed (around five to six years old).
These findings may be better explained by gender schema theory, which suggests that children begin to take on gender appropriate behaviours as soon as they are aware of their own gender (gender labelling). These finding may also be able to be explained biologically, as the boys' hormones may lead them to be more interested in masculine activities than in feminine activities.
Thanks, really helpful!
ReplyDeleteIf you are one of those students who prefer to order a well-written essay online instead of doing it individually, I can suggest you using this writing company WritePaper.Info ! Try using this service once and you will see how useful it can be for you!
ReplyDeletecoin haber - bitcoin haberleri - instagram video indir - instagram takipçi satın al - instagram takipçi satın al - tiktok takipçi satın al - instagram takipçi satın al - instagram takipçi satın al - instagram takipçi satın al - instagram takipçi satın al - instagram takipçi satın al - binance güvenilir mi - binance güvenilir mi - binance güvenilir mi - binance güvenilir mi - instagram beğeni satın al - instagram beğeni satın al - google haritalara yer ekleme - btcturk güvenilir mi - binance hesap açma - kuşadası kiralık villa - tiktok izlenme satın al - instagram takipçi satın al - sms onay - paribu sahibi kim - binance sahibi kim - btcturk sahibi kim - paribu ne zaman kuruldu - binance ne zaman kuruldu - btcturk ne zaman kuruldu - youtube izlenme satın al - torrent oyun - google haritalara yer ekleme - altyapısız internet - bedava internet - no deposit bonus forex - erkek spor ayakkabı - tiktok jeton hilesi - tiktok beğeni satın al - microsoft word indir - misli indir
ReplyDeletetakipçi satın al
ReplyDeletetakipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
instagram takipçi satın al
instagram takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
instagram takipçi satın al
instagram takipçi satın al
instagram takipçi satın al
instagram takipçi satın al
takipçi satın al
instagram takipçi satın al
beğeni satın al
ReplyDeletemarsbahis
ReplyDeletebetboo
sultanbet
marsbahis
betboo
sultanbet
Ucuz, kaliteli ve organik sosyal medya hizmetleri satın almak için Ravje Medyayı tercih edebilir ve sosyal medya hesaplarını hızla büyütebilirsin. Ravje Medya ile sosyal medya hesaplarını organik ve gerçek kişiler ile geliştirebilir, kişisel ya da ticari hesapların için Ravje Medyayı tercih edebilirsin. Ravje Medya internet sitesine giriş yapmak için hemen tıkla: ravje.com
ReplyDeleteİnstagram takipçi satın almak için Ravje Medya hizmetlerini tercih edebilir, güvenilir ve gerçek takipçilere Ravje Medya ile ulaşabilirsin. İnstagram takipçi satın almak artık Ravje Medya ile oldukça güvenilir. Hemen instagram takipçi satın almak için Ravje Medyanın ilgili sayfasını ziyaret et: instagram takipçi satın al
Tiktok takipçi satın al istiyorsan tercihini Ravje Medya yap! Ravje Medya uzman kadrosu ve profesyonel ekibi ile sizlere Tiktok takipçi satın alma hizmetide sunmaktadır. Tiktok takipçi satın almak için hemen tıkla: tiktok takipçi satın al
İnstagram beğeni satın almak için Ravje medya instagram beğeni satın al sayfasına giriş yap, hızlı ve kaliteli instagram beğeni satın al: instagram beğeni satın al
Youtube izlenme satın al sayfası ile hemen youtube izlenme satın al! Ravje medya kalitesi ile hemen youtube izlenme satın almak için tıklayın: youtube izlenme satın al
Twitter takipçi satın almak istiyorsan Ravje medya twitter takipçi satın al sayfasına tıkla, Ravje medya güvencesi ile organik twitter takipçi satın al: twitter takipçi satın al
seo fiyatları
ReplyDeletesaç ekimi
dedektör
instagram takipçi satın al
ankara evden eve nakliyat
fantezi iç giyim
sosyal medya yönetimi
mobil ödeme bozdurma
kripto para nasıl alınır
instagram beğeni satın al
ReplyDeleteyurtdışı kargo
seo fiyatları
saç ekimi
dedektör
fantazi iç giyim
sosyal medya yönetimi
farmasi üyelik
mobil ödeme bozdurma
bitcoin nasıl alınır
ReplyDeletetiktok jeton hilesi
youtube abone satın al
gate io güvenilir mi
binance referans kimliği nedir
tiktok takipçi satın al
bitcoin nasıl alınır
mobil ödeme bozdurma
mobil ödeme bozdurma